Immune mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP), is an autoimmune disease.  The body's immune system fights foreign substances in the body (germs, viruses), but in autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks the healthy tissues, not germs.  

Canine idiopathic thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a condition resulting from the immune system disorder when there are not enough platelets. (Platelets are blood cells produced in bone marrow, helping blood to clot-aiding in wound repair). Without platelets, the dog keeps on bleeding, and  in danger of bleeding to death, if not treated.

Signs of Canine Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia

An affected dog may show signs of many pinpoint, purplish-red spots in the mouth. These spots may develop into larger bruises and appear on the skin, due to internal bleeding. In addition, the dog may show signs of lethargy, weakness, and nosebleeds. Dogs that are more severely affected may show signs of blood in the urine and feces.

Once the pet is brought into the clinic, a thorough history is obtained, a physical exam is is completed along with a blood draw for several special tests.  A urinalysis and chemistry panel to assess the health of the pets other organs is also run.  Radiographs are also advised to check for cancers or other diseases that could be the cause of the thrombocytopenia. 

A dog with thrombocytopenia may or may not show signs of bleeding, depending upon how low the platelet numbers are. Signs of thrombocytopenia may include:

    * Weak, lethargic

    * Loss of appetite

    * Small pinpoint hemorrhages found inside the mouth.

    * Larger hemorrhages (bruising) under the skin, especially on the abdomen and groin area

    * Bleeding from the mucous membranes including the gums

    * Hemorrhages in the eye, nosebleeds

    * Pale mucous membranes

    * Black, tarry stools or stools with fresh blood in them

    * Blood in the urine

    * Prolonged bleeding after an injury or surgery